Metals and Non Metals free essay sample

Appearance and Hardness of materials Object/Material Appearance Hardness (Shiny/Dull) (Very hard/Not extremely hard) comparable change on the off chance that we attempt to beat a wood log ? Let us discover. Movement 4. 1 Take a little iron nail, a coal piece, a bit of thick aluminum wire and a pencil lead. Beat the iron nail with a sledge (Fig. 4. 1). (Yet, take care that you don’t hurt yourself all the while). Make a decent attempt. Hit hard Beating an iron nail with mallet Can you name the materials which are metals? The remainder of the materials in Table 4. 1 are non-metals. Metals can be recognized from non-metals based on their physical and compound properties. Review that gloss and hardness are physical properties. likewise the aluminum wire. At that point rehash a similar sort of treatment on the coal piece and pencil lead. Record your perceptions in Table 4. 2. Table 4. 2 Malleability of Materials Object/Material Iron nail Coal piece Aluminum wire Pencil lead Change fit as a fiddle (Flattens/Breaks into pieces) 4. Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals Have you at any point seen a metal forger beating an iron piece or an article comprised of iron, similar to a spade, a scoop, a hatchet? Do you discover an adjustment looking like these articles on beating? Would you expect a You saw that the state of the iron nail and the aluminum wire changed on beating. In the event that they were beaten more diligently these could be washed into bed covers. You may be comfortable with silver foil utilized for designing desserts. You should likewise be comfortable with the aluminum foil utilized for wrapping food. The property of metals by which they can be beaten into slim sheets is called flexibility. This is a trademark property of metals. As you more likely than not saw, materials like coal and pencil lead don't show this property. Would we be able to call these as metals? Would you be able to hold a hot metallic skillet which is without a plastic or a wooden handle and not get injured? Maybe not! Why? Attempt to list some different encounters in which a wooden or plastic handle shields you from being harmed while taking care of hot things. Based on these encounters what would you be able to state about the conduction of warmth by wood and plastic? You probably observed a circuit tester utilizing his screw driver. What sort of handle does it have? Why? Let us discover. the action with different articles in Class VI. Presently, rehash the action with the materials referenced in Table 4. 3. Watch and gathering these materials into great conductors and poor conductors. Table 4. 3 : Electrical conductivity of materials S. No. Materials Good Conductor/Poor Conductor 1. 2. 3. 4. Iron pole/nail Sulfur Coal piece Copper wire You see that iron bar, nail and copper wire are acceptable channels while moved sulfur piece and coal piece are poor conduits. Review how to cause an electric circuit to test whether power to can go through an item or not (Fig. . 2). You may have performed Oh! The importance of reviewing our encounters and afterward of this action was to show that metals are acceptable conveyors of warmth and power. We took in this in Class VI. Where do you discover the utilization of aluminum and copper wires? Have you seen wires of coal? Unquestionably not! The property of metal by which it tends to be brought into wires is called flexibility. Have you at any point seen the distinction in sound on dropping an iron sheet/plate, a metal coin, and a bit of coal on the floor? If not, you can attempt it now. Do you note any distinction in the sound created? 45 Have you seen wooden chimes in sanctuaries? Would you be able to give reason? The things made of metals produce ringing sound when struck hard. Assume you have two boxes comparable in appearance, one made of wood and the other of metal. Would you be able to tell which box is made of metal by striking both the containers? Since metals produce ringing sounds, they are supposed to be vibrant. The materials other than metals are not resonating. Subsequent to playing out the above exercises, we can say that a few materials are hard, shiny, pliable, pliable, vibrant and great conveyors of warmth and power. The materials which for the most part gangs these properties are called metals. The instances of metals are iron, copper, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and so on. Conversely, materials like coal and sulfur are delicate and dull in appearance. They separate into fine mass on tapping with hammer. They are not resonating and are poor conveyors of warmth and power. These materials are called non-metals. The instances of non-metals are sulfur, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, and so on. Metals like sodium and potassium are delicate and can be cut with a blade. Mercury is the main metal which is found in fluid state at room temperature. These are special cases. which rust is framed. You had additionally acted in Class VII an action of consuming a magnesium strip in air. You had discovered that in both the procedures oxide arrangement happens. Complete the accompanying responses of iron and magnesium with oxygen. Iron (Fe) + Oxygen (O2) + Water (H2O) ? Magnesium (Mg) + Oxygen (O2) ? Movement 4. 3 Let us check the idea of rust framed because of the response between iron, oxygen and water. Gather a spoonful of rust and break down it in a next to no measure of water. You will find that the rust stays suspended in water. Shake the suspension well. Test the arrangement with red and blue litmus papers (Fig. 4. 3). What do you watch? Is the arrangement acidic or essential? Rust suspension Red litmus paper 4. 2 Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals A. Response with Oxygen You know about the marvel of rusting of iron. Review the response by 46 Rust Fig. 4. 3 : Testing the idea of rust SCIENCE Does copper additionally get rusted? I have seen a greenish store on the outside of copper vessels. At the point when a copper vessel is presented to soggy air for long, it gains a dull green covering. The green material is a blend of copper hydroxide (Cu(OH) 2 ) and copper carbonate (CuCO3). Coming up next is the response 2Cu+H2O+CO2+O2Cu (OH)2 + CuCO3 sodden air As soon as sulfur begins consuming, bring the spoon into a gas container/glass tumbler [Fig. 4. 4 (a)]. Spread the tumbler with a cover to guarantee that the gas delivered doesn't get away. Expel the spoon after some time. Include a little amount of water into the tumbler and rapidly supplant the cover. Shake the tumbler well. Check the arrangement with red and blue litmus papers [Fig. 4. 4 (b)]. Presently review the action of consuming magnesium strip. The debris acquired on consuming magnesium strip is broken down in water and tried for its acidic/fundamental nature. Is the arrangement acidic or essential? How would you determine this? You more likely than not saw that the red litmus turns blue. In this way, oxide of magnesium is additionally essential in nature. By and large, metallic oxides are fundamental in nature. Let us currently watch the response of non-metals with oxygen. Extemporized deflagrating spoon Fig. 4. 4 (a) : Burning of sulfur powder Activity 4. 4 (To be shown by the instructor in the class) Take a limited quantity of powdered sulfur in a deflagrating spoon and warmth it. On the off chance that deflagrating spoon isn't accessible, you may take a metallic top of any container and fold a metallic wire over it and give it the shape appeared. Testing of arrangement with litmus papers 47 Table 4. 4 : Metals and Non-metals in Acids and Bases S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Name of the base Calcium hydroxide Metal Calcium Name of the corrosive Sulphuric corrosive Non-metal Sulfur The name of the item shaped in the response of sulfur and oxygen is sulfur dioxide gas. At the point when sulfur dioxide is broken up in water sulfurous corrosive is framed. The response can be given as follows: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) + Water (H2O) Sulfurous corrosive (H2SO3) The sulfurous corrosive turns blue litmus paper red. For the most part, oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature. Review the name of a portion of the research facility acids and bases you have perused in Class VII. Note down their names in Table 4. 4. Distinguish the metal or nonmetal present in them which structures oxides with oxygen. B. Response with Water Let us perceive how metals and non-metals respond with water. Sodium metal is receptive. It responds enthusiastically with oxygen and water. A ton of warmth is created in the response. It is, in this manner, put away in lamp oil. 48 Activity 4. 5 To be shown by the educator. During show uncommon consideration ought to be taken that the size of the sodium metal piece is generally the size of a wheat grain. It ought to be held with a couple of tongs. ) Take a 250 mL measuring utencil/glass tumbler. Fill half of it with water. Presently deliberately cut a little bit of sodium metal. Dry it utilizing channel paper and envelop it by a little bit of cotton. Put the sodium piece enclosed by cotton into the measuring glass. Watch cautiously. During perception avoid the container. At the point when response stops contact the recepticle. What do you feel? Has the recepticle gotten hot? Test the arrangement with red and blue litmus papers. Is the arrangement acidic or fundamental? Fig. 4. 5 : Reaction of sodium with water SCIENCE You saw that sodium responds vivaciously with water. Some different metals don't do as such. For instance, iron responds with water gradually. By and large, non-metals don't respond with water however they might be receptive in air. Such non-metals are put away in water. For instance, phosphorus is an extremely responsive non-metal. It bursts into flames whenever presented to air. To forestall the contact of phosphorus with air oxygen, it is put away in water. C. Responses with Acids Let us perceive how metals and non-metals carry on with acids. test cylinders and mark them as A, B, C, D, E, and F. With the assistance of a dropper include 5 mL of weaken hydrochloric corrosive to each test tube individually. Watch the responses cautiously. On the off chance that no response happens in a chilly arrangement, warm the test tube delicately. Bring a consuming matchstick close to the mouth of each test tube. Rehash a similar action utilizing weaken sulphuric corrosive rather than the weaken hydrocholoric corrosive. Record your perceptions in Table 4. 5. Is there a distinction in the manner metals and non-metals respond with acids? What could the ‘pop’ sound now and again be because of when a consuming match sti